![]() ![]() The number of PTAs has increased over the last two decades. With the weakening role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral trading system, the globalization pattern is moving toward regional economic integration. Thus, a new wave of regional economic integration has emerged. Although WTO website denotes as RTAs, we clarify it as PTAs. RTAs are reciprocal preferential trade agreements between two or more partners, which belongs to PTAs. Since the 1990s, the delay in the Doha Round negotiations caused the multilateral trading system to weaken, and countries turned to preferential trade agreements (PTAs) negotiations as a solution. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 7190313152), Ministry of Education Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (No. įunding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. All Gross Domestic Product and population data files are available from the World Development Indicators. All Geo Dist data files such as bilateral distance, area, common language and colonies come from the CEPII GeoDist database. All Trade data files are available from The Eora Global Supply Chain Database. All The depth and flexibility variable data files are available from the Design of Trade Agreements (DESTA) Database. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Data used in this study came from multiple third party sources and can be accessed via the resources below: All Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) DATA files are available from the World Trade Organization Regional Trade Agreements Database. Received: JAccepted: MaPublished: March 30, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Yao et al. PLoS ONE 16(3):Įditor: Bernhard Reinsberg, University of Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM Our results are important for understanding the market access effect of PTAs with the increasing development of trade integration and global value chains (GVCs).Ĭitation: Yao X, Zhang Y, Yasmeen R, Cai Z (2021) The impact of preferential trade agreements on bilateral trade: A structural gravity model analysis. Further, the wide range of product liberalization brought by PTAs can promote global production networks by stimulating the trade of intermediate goods. However, the trade promotion effect of the product-based coverage index of PTAs is significant only if the member countries are low-and middle-income countries. Our findings show that countries sharing a common PTA could boost the trade volume compared to those without PTAs, supporting the trade creation effect. This study develops a product-based coverage index of PTAs using the World Trade Organization (WTO) preferential trade agreements and calculates bilateral trade measures using the EORA multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables covering 189 countries worldwide over the period 1990–2015 the structural gravity model is employed to test how PTAs affect bilateral trade. ![]() ![]() We try to improve upon the existing similar datasets in terms of geographical coverage, quality of measurement and number of variables provided.Trade agreements are thought to raise trade integration, but existing preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are insufficient in measuring market access of products. The GeoDist webpage provides two distinct files: a country-specific one (geo_cepii)and a dyadic one (dist_cepii) including a set of different distance and common dummy variables used in gravity equations to identify particular links between countries such as colonial past, common languages, contiguity. For most of them, different calculations of “intra-national distances” are also available. We have calculated different measures of bilateral distances available for most countries across the world (225 countries in the current version of the database). GeoDist provides several geographical variables, in particular bilateral distances measured using citylevel data to assess the geographic distribution of population inside each nation. GeoDist makes available the exhaustive set of gravity variables used in Mayer and Zignago (2005). "Notes on CEPII’s distances measures: The GeoDist database," CEPII - Notes on CEPII’s distances measures: The GeoDist database ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |